Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria of Mother Participants: * Women 18 years and above * Pregnant women attending the first visit (\< 14 weeks GA) at the maternity units of KKH and NUH * Singapore citizens or Singapore Permanent Residents * Currently resident in mainland Singapore * Intention to eventually deliver in KKH or NUH * Intention to reside in Singapore for the next 5 years * Intention to donate cord, cord blood and placenta * The fetus should be racially homogenous with both sets of grandparents of the same ethnicity Exclusion Criteria of Mother Participants: * Women whose pregnancies end in miscarriages will be excluded * Pregnant women on chemotherapy * Exclude women with significant medical conditions e.g. Type 1 diabetes mellitus, psychosis etc. * Exclude women on certain medications - e.g. psychotropic drugs. * Mixed marriages will be excluded Babies born from these mothers will be invited to participate and followed up until the child is at least 20 years of age.