Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: 1. Adenocarcinoma of the rectum classified clinically T2, T3a, T3b (penetration in the mesorectal fat between 1 to 5 mm) by TNM classification (Tumour Node Metastase), \< 5 cm largest diameter, \< half rectal circumference (by MRI staging), N0-N1 (any node \< 8 mm diameter on MRI), M0 2. Operable patient 3. Tumour accessible to endocavitary contact X-Ray Brachytherapy with a distance from the lower tumour border to the anal verge ≤ 10cm 4. 18 years or above 5. No comorbidity preventing treatment 6. Adequate birth control 7. Patient having read the information note and having signed the informed consent 8. Health care insurance available 9. Follow-up possible Exclusion Criteria: 1. Inoperable patient 2. T1, T3cd, T4, T≥ 5cm, T≥ ½ circumference 3. Patient N2 at diagnosis or N1 with any node \> 8 mm diameter 4. Patient presenting metastasis at diagnosis 5. Previous pelvic irradiation 6. Tumour with extramural vascular invasion 7. Simultaneous progressive cancer 8. Tumour invading external anal sphincter and within 1 mm, and the levator muscle 9. Patient unable to receive CXB or CRT 10. Tumour with poor differentiation (G3) 11. People particularly vulnerable as defined in Articles L.1121-5 to -8 of the French Healthcare Code, including: person deprived of freedom by an administrative or judicial decision, adult being the object of a legal protection measure or outside state to express their consent, pregnant or breastfeeding women 12. Any significant concurrent medical illness that in the opinion of the investigator would preclude protocol therapy 13. Patient with history of poor compliance or current or past psychiatric conditions or severe acute or chronic medical conditions that would interfere with the ability to comply with the study protocol 14. Concurrent enrolment in another clinical trial using an investigational anti-cancer treatment within 28 days prior to the first dose of study treatment