Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: * Healthy volunteers ages 20-40 years old * American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) Physical Status I or II (i.e. healthy) * Body Mass Index \<30 kg/m2 * Easily visible uvula Exclusion Criteria: * Any physical signs that would suggest a difficult airway (e.g. mouth opening \<3cm, short distance between the chin and neck, poor mandibular subluxation, thick neck) * History of reactive airway disease * Current or history of neuropsychiatric disorders * History or current use of psychotropic medications, * History or current obstructive sleep apnea * Current or history of cardiovascular disease or arrhythmias, * Current or history of chronic sleep disorders * History of postoperative nausea/vomiting * Family history of problems with anesthesia (including but not limited to malignant hyperthermia), * Current or history of Motion sickness * Current tobacco use * Current pregnancy or currently breastfeeding * Positive urine toxicology screen * History of seizure disorder, head injury, or brain tumor * Alcohol consumption greater than 12 drinks per week or more than 4 drinks on any single day * Inability to provide informed consent * Inability to achieve mask seal on intervention day