Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: * Adult aged 70-79 years attending GOPCs, DECCs or day care centres for receiving influenza vaccination or medical or preventive care visits. Exclusion Criteria: * Individuals who show signs of dementia (either confirmed by medical records or do not pass the Mini-cog test) or significant cognitive impairment and are not competent to give their consent. * Individuals who report medical conditions not suitable to receive inactivated influenza vaccines, such as: * Severe allergic reaction (e.g., anaphylaxis) after previous dose of any influenza vaccine; or to a vaccine component, including egg protein; * Moderate or severe acute illness with or without fever after any previous influenza vaccination; or * A history of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) within 6 weeks of previous influenza vaccination. * Individuals, according to medical record, who report medical conditions not suitable to receive intramuscular injection, such as: * bleeding disorders * habitually taking anticoagulants (with the exception of antiplatelets such as aspirin). * Individuals who have any medical conditions not suitable to receive inactivated influenza vaccines as determined by a clinician.