Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: * Participants will be healthy individuals between the ages of 18-75 years. These cutoffs are designed to allow inclusion of postmenopausal women, and younger/more active patients who are increasingly undergoing bariatric surgery. * Patients with either diabetes type 2 or the metabolic syndrome will be included in the cohort. Exclusion Criteria: * Participants with chronic kidney disease (\> stage 4) * Autoimmune/inflammatory disease (e.g., Lupus, Ulcerative Colitis, etc.) * Unstable angina, New York (NY) class III or IV congestive heart failure or myocardial infarction within 3 months of entry * Clinically significant liver disease (e.g. Cirrhosis or liver failure) * Weight \> 450 pounds (DXA scan weight limit) * History of organ transplant * Treatment with chemotherapy or radiation therapy at the time of enrollment in study. * Poorly controlled asthma (participants requiring inhaled glucocorticoids and/or oral glucocorticoids) * Current nasal corticosteroid use (within the past month) * Excessive alcohol or substance abuse * Current use of anabolic steroids or testosterone for bodybuilding purposes. Testosterone use is permitted if prescribed for hypogonadism and dose stable for the past 6 months. * Patients actively enrolled in interventional trials involving investigational agents * Pregnant or breast-feeding women * Appears unlikely or unable to participate in the required study procedures as assessed by the investigator, study coordinator or designee. * History of abnormal clotting * Previous bariatric surgery * Anticoagulant use * Methadone medication