Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: Participants should meet the following criteria of enrollment according to their etiology of nephrology. * For glomerular nephrology patients, the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) should be ≥15 ml/minute per 1.73m(2). * For diabetic nephrology patients, the defining eligibility was 15 ml/minute per 1.73m(2) ≤eGFR\<60 ml/minute per 1.73m(2) or eGFR≥ 60 ml/minute per 1.73m(2) with "nephrotic range" proteinuria, which is defined as 24-hour urinary protein ≥3.5 g or urinary albumin creatinine ratio (ACR) ≥2 000 mg/g or corresponding values of urine dipstick test or urinary protein creatinine ratio (PCR). * For non-glomerular nephrology and non-diabetic nephrology patients, 15 ml/minute per 1.73m(2)≤eGFR\<60 ml/minute per 1.73m(2) is set for enrollment. Exclusion Criteria: Participants meeting even one of the listed items should be excluded. * NYHA Class III or IV heart failure. * Chronic kidney disease caused by systemic inflammatory illness or autoimmune disease, such as lupus erythematosus. * Treated with immunosuppressive agents in the preceding 6 months to treat renal or immune disease. * Self-reported or known diagnosis of HIV infection and/or AIDS. * Isolated hematuria. * Self-reported or known diagnosis of cirrhosis. * Pregnant or breast-feeding women. * Malignancy treated with chemotherapy within last 2 years. * Renal or other transplantation. * Hereditary kidney disease. * Participation in interventional clinical trial.