Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: * The subject population will include 18 to 30 year old participants of any gender, race, and ethnicity. All subjects will be able to speak and understand English. Schizophrenia subjects: 1\. Patients must be diagnosed with DSM-IV schizophrenia, schizophreniform, or schizoaffective disorder based on a SCID-P interview. Depression subjects: 1\. Patients must be diagnosed with DSM-V Major Depressive Disorder based on a SCID-P interview. Post Traumatic Stress Disorder subjects: 1\. Patients must be diagnosed with DSM-V Post Traumatic Stress Disorder based on a SCID-P interview. Gambling Disorder subjects: 1\. Patients must be diagnosed with DSM-V Gambling Disorder based on a SCID-P interview. Comparison subjects: 1\. Control participants must not have past or present Axis I diagnosis as determined by the SCID-NP. Exclusion Criteria: * All subjects: 1. A hearing deficit greater than 40dB in both ears detected during the hearing test 2. Substance dependence, as per clinical judgment, in the past 1 year (except caffeine and nicotine) 3. A history of significant medical/neurological disease such as cardiac, thyroid, renal, hepatic or neurological 4. History of head injury with loss of consciousness greater than 15 minutes 5. Any other condition or medication, which in the opinion of the investigator would preclude participation in the study. 6. Non-English speaking. Comparison subjects: 1\. Any first-degree relative with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder.