Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria (patients): * Age ≥ 21 years old * Singaporean or Singapore Permanent Resident * Diagnosis of advanced Congestive Heart Failure (New York Heart Association Class III and IV). * Intact cognition (of patients ≥60 years of age) as determined by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment. If patient fails the cognitive test, he/she continues to be eligible for the study although self-reported data will no longer be collected. The primary informal caregiver of the patient will be approached for providing consent on behalf of the patient, to allow access to review of patient's medical and billing records The inclusion criteria (primary informal caregivers) * Age ≥ 21 years old * Main person or one of the main providing care to the patient (e.g. accompanying patient for doctor's visits, helping the patient with day to day activities) * Main person or one of the main ensuring provision of care (e.g. supervision of foreign domestic worker so that the patient is looked after) * Main person or one of the main involved in making decisions regarding treatment the patient receives * Patient they are caring for is enrolled in the study The inclusion criteria (physicians) • Patients they are treating are enrolled in the study Exclusion Criteria (patients): * Patients who are not Singaporeans or Singapore Permanent Residents * Patients who are ≤21 years of age * Patients with psychiatric or cognitive disorders Exclusion criteria (caregivers) • Foreign domestic workers/ maids will be excluded from this study