Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: * Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) score of greater than 20) planned for ECT therapy. * Subjects must meet clinical criteria for TRD defined as failure to respond to at least 2 standard-of-care drug therapies of adequate treatment duration. Exclusion Criteria: * Subjects will be ineligible if they cannot provide informed consent * American Society of Anesthesiology physical status score of four or greater * Implanted medical device with electronic parts (e.g. pacemaker, defibrillator, intrathecal pump, spinal cord stimulator, deep brain stimulator) * Schizoaffective disorder * Women of child-bearing potential will be asked to undergo a commercial urine pregnancy screening test. Those who refuse or screen positive will be excluded. * Allergic to any of the study drugs or their carrier components * Any serious physical condition prior to randomization deemed by the attending psychiatrist or consulting anesthetist to be a contraindication to ECT such as cardiovascular disease (including untreated hypertension), respiratory disease, cerebrovascular disease, intracranial hypertension (including glaucoma), or seizures.