Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: * Medically refractory epilepsy (≥2 antiepileptic drug failures) deemed disabling by the patient and study investigators. * Focal seizures with secondary generalization; with or without primary generalized seizures. * ≥ 3 seizures/month on average based on seizure diary of patient's preferred format during the three months prior to enrollment. * Stable prescribed epilepsy medication dosages, including stopping or starting medication, for 3 months before enrollment. * Anterior Nucleus (AN) identifiable on MRI (structural T1 and T2 images). * Willing to maintain seizure diary (3 months before \& 3 months after the study treatment). * Involved caregiver such as a spouse, family member, or family friend willing to provide reliable care during the study participation. * Ability to provide written informed consent to participate. * Previous seizure work-up to include: 1. Home EEG, Epilepsy Monitoring Unit (EMU) video EEG, or intracranial EEG. 2. Baseline neuropsychological assessment, which includes the Wechsler Advanced Clinical Solutions - Test of Premorbid Functioning (TOPF). Participants obtaining an Intelligence Quotient (IQ) score of ≥70 on the TOPF will be included. 3. High-definition MRI imaging/Position emission tomography (PET) imaging. Exclusion Criteria: * Have on average less than 3 seizures a month. * Have an indwelling vagal nerve stimulator. * Have severe untreated neuropsychiatric disorders (e.g., untreated depression or behavioral problems). * History of drug or alcohol abuse in the last 12 months. * Presence of primary generalized epilepsy (e.g., Lennox Gastaut, drop attacks). * Presence of post-infectious epilepsy (i.e., epilepsy from post-herpetic encephalitis). * Previous corpus callosotomy (surgery to cut the fibers, called the corpus callosum, that separate each half of the brain). * Significant structural brain abnormalities. * Unable or unwilling to maintain your current anti-seizure drug dosage for 3 months post-treatment. * Pregnant or not practicing birth control methods. * History of claustrophobia (fear of closed spaces). * Presence of an MRI contraindicated implanted metal or medical device (e.g., pacemaker, metallic joints, or insulin pump). * Uncontrolled hypertension or other comorbid conditions (e.g., uncontrolled heart or lung disease). * Skull Density Ratio (SDR) \<0.4. * IQ score of \<70 on the Wechsler Advanced Clinical Solutions - Test of Premorbid Functioning (TOPF), a measure conducted as part of baseline neuropsychological assessment.