Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: * Adult patients undergoing elective, major abdominal surgery\*. (\*Major abdominal surgery requiring general anaesthesia, and requiring at least one overnight stay. Major abdominal surgery is defined as those classified as major OR major/complex by the Surgical Outcome Risk Tool (SORT) (www.sortsurgery.com). In essence major surgery is one that penetrates and exposes a body cavity or produces a substantial impairment of physical or physiologic function or involves extensive dissection or transection. Examples of a major abdominal surgery include, but are not limited to, any procedure involving a laparotomy or laparoscopic procedures of the stomach, duodenum, small and large intestine and rectum. It also includes but is not limited to procedures on the reproductive system (total abdominal hysterectomy, salpingo-oophorectomy) and genitourinary system (nephrectomy, cystectomy).) Exclusion Criteria: * Patient not fulfilling inclusion study criteria above and/or clinician refusal and/or non-eligible as defined below. Patients undergoing the following surgical procedures will NOT be eligible: * transplantation * trauma * endocrine * vascular * endovascular The presence of any one of the following will also lead to exclusion of the patient: * ACS at presentation (clinical assessment or documentation) * New or decompensated congestive heart failure at presentation (clinical assessment or documentation) * Documented severe aortic stenosis (valve area \< 1cm2) * Reduced LVEF (\<40%); if no LVEF is available, it will be assumed to be \>40% * Inability to follow the procedures of the study, e.g. due to language problems, dementia, etc. of the participant