Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: * Adults \> 18 year old * Prescribed meropenem, ertapenem, cefepime, colistin, Ceftazidime/Avibactam , Ceftolozane/Tazobactam , or piperacillin/tazobactam for treatment of infection as part of standard medical care * Administered meropenem, ertapenem, cefepime, colistin, Ceftazidime/Avibactam , Ceftolozane/Tazobactam ,or piperacillin/tazobactam while on renal replacement therapy (IHD or CRRT) or renal replacement therapy started while on any of these antibiotics * Patients with hemoglobin \> 70 g/L without blood transfusion in the past 24 hours * Informed consent given by patient, next of kin or legally authorized representative Exclusion Criteria: * Less than 18 years of age * Pregnant females * Body mass index \< 18 or \> 35 kg/m2 * Presence of anemia (defined as hemoglobin \< 70 g/L), thrombocytopenia, or leukopenia as defined by hematocrit, platelet, or white blood cell count \< 75% of the lower limit of normal * Concomitant receipt of another cephalosporin interfering with assay * Participants likely to require surgical interventions during the study period if the surgery would interfere with dosing intervals or affect sampling process * Protected patients; prisoners, patients with HIV, patients with physical or mental disabilities, psychiatric patients. * Patients with documented life-threatening allergy (i.e anaphylaxis, angioedema) to any of the study drugs or their class. * Patients with conditions known to significantly affect PK; (i.e. severe burn, significant ascites, spinal cord injury and cystic fibrosis) * Any other reason felt by the investigators to potentially affect the outcomes of the study