Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: * Women age 18-50 * Gestational age 14-26 weeks; or 6-13 weeks, 37-42 weeks, or non-pregnant (controls) * Undergoing another planned surgical procedure with anesthesia (suction D\&C, D\&E, gravid hysterectomy, cesarean section, or laparoscopic tubal ligation) * Able to give informed consent in English or Spanish Exclusion Criteria: To optimize biopsy safety, we will exclude patients with anticipated difficult cases, that have additional risks of hemorrhage, or those with features that limit ultrasound visualization. Increased risk of hemorrhage: * Anemia (Hgb \< 9) * Anticoagulation, bleeding disorder, or coagulopathy * Multiple gestation * Infection or sepsis For ultrasound-guided procedures: * Obese, BMI ≥ 40 * History of ≥2 cesarean sections * Large fibroids or uterine anomalies obstructing view * Other poor visualization * Thin myometrium \< 1cm