Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: 1. Age between 21-80 2. Paresis confined to one side, with substantial motor impairment of the upper limb and some residual voluntary movement (Upper Extremity Fugl-Meyer Assessment score in the range of 10-40/66, Chedoke McMaster Stroke Assessment - Stage of the hand section score \<=4) 3. Capacity to provide informed consent 4. Ability to elevate their limb against gravity up to at least 75 degrees of shoulder flexion and to generate some active elbow extension 5. Ability to open hand with a thumb-to-index finger distance ≥4 cm, with the assistance of the ReIn-Hand device with the help of a physical therapist 6. MRI compatible 7. Discharged from all forms of physical rehabilitation 8. Intact skin on the hemiparetic arm 9. Be tolerate sitting for no less than 1 hour 10. Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score \>=23 Exclusion Criteria: 1. Motor or sensory impairment in the non-affected limb 2. Any brainstem and/or cerebellar lesion 3. Severe concurrent medical problems (e.g. cardiorespiratory impairment, uncontrolled hypertension, inflammatory joint disease) 4. History of neurologic disorder other than stroke (Parkinson's Disease, Acute Lateral Sclerosis, Multiple Sclerosis, Traumatic Brain Injury, peripheral neuropathy, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, spinal cord injury, Dementia) 5. Any acute or chronic painful condition in the upper extremities or spine, indicated by a score ≥5 on a 10-point visual analog scale 6. Using cardiac pacemaker, implanted cardioverter defibrillator, neurostimulation system inside the brain or spinal cord, bone growth box fusion stimulation 7. Seizure in the last 6 months 8. Severe upper extremity sensory impairment indicated by absent sensation on the tactile sensation subscale (light touch and pressure items) of the Revised Nottingham Assessment of Somato-Sensations (score\<4) 9. Chemo denervation: botulinum toxin, dysport, or Myobloc or phenol block injection to any portion of the paretic UE within the last 6 months, or phenol/alcohol injections \<12 months before participation 10. Unable to passively attain 90 degrees of shoulder flexion and abduction, measured using a goniometer based on adapted methods 11. Flexion contractures larger than 45 degrees in the elbow, wrist, metacarpophalangeal joints (MCP) and interphalangeal joints (IP) of thumb and index finger 12. Pregnant or planning to become pregnant 13. Participating in any experimental rehabilitation or drug studies 14. Inability to attend intervention sessions 3 times a week during 8 weeks, as well as to assessments/evaluations and follow up 15. Upper extremity musculoskeletal impairment limiting function prior to stroke 16. Currently using oxygen 17. Upper limb amputation