Inclusion Criteria:
Stage I (Pre-screening)
1. Patients are ≥ 20 and ≤ 75 years of age at brain tumor resection surgery.
2. Patients with newly diagnosed single, primary, WHO grade IV, glioblastoma (except for locating on brainstem or cerebellum) scheduled to undergo craniotomy tumor excision, and are willing to preserve the resected tumor cells enabling the production of ADCV01.
3. Patients undergo tumor resection by aid of neuro-navigation without receiving any intracranial implantation therapies (e.g., BCNU wafer).
4. Only one GBM tumor number.
5. Patients must be able to understand and sign the informed consent documents and aware of the investigational nature of the study.
6. Patients have the expected life expectancy of \> 12 weeks at the pre-screening visit as judged by the investigator.
7. Patients with stable vital sign and KPS ≥ 70 at the pre-screening visit.
8. Patients with adequate renal function at the pre-screening visit:
serum creatinine \< 1.8 mg/dL; creatinine clearance \> 30 mL/min
9. Patients with adequate liver function at the pre-screening visit:
AST, ALT, and ALP ≤ 3× upper limit of normal (ULN); and total bilirubin \< 3 mg/dL
10. Patients with prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time ≤ 1.5× ULN at the pre-screening visit
11. Patients with adequate hematopoietic function at the prescreening and before administration of study medication
1. Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) ≥ 1,000 cells/μL
2. Platelets ≥ 100,000 counts/μL
3. Total white blood cell (WBC) ≥ 2,000 cells/μL
4. Hemoglobin ≥ 8 g/dL
12. All male and female patients with child-bearing potential (between puberty and 2 years after menopause) must be practicing sexual abstinence and be willing to continue to use a medically acceptable form of birth control for at least 1 month prior to screening (that period will extend to 3 months for oral contraceptive use). The patients should use appropriate contraceptive method(s) as shown below, until at least 6 months after the last dose of ADCV01 administration.
1. Total abstinence (when this is in line with the preferred and usual lifestyle of the subject. Periodic abstinence (e.g., calendar, ovulation, thermal symptom post-ovulation methods) and withdrawal are not acceptable methods of ontraception).
2. Female sterilization (have had surgical bilateral oophorectomy with or without hysterectomy) or tubal ligation at least 6 weeks before administration of study treatment. In case of oophorectomy alone, only when the reproductive status of the woman has been confirmed by follow up hormone level assessment.
3. Male sterilization (at least 6 months prior to screening). For female subjects in the study, the vasectomized male partner should be the sole partner for that subject
4. Combination of any two of the following listed methods:
(d.1+d.2 or d.1+d.3, or d.2+d.3): d.1 Use of oral, injected, or implanted hormonal methods of contraception or other forms of hormonal contraception that have comparable efficacy (failure rate \<1%), for example hormone vaginal ring or transdermal hormone contraception. d.2 Placement of an intrauterine device (IUD) or intrauterine system (IUS). d.3 Barrier methods of contraception: Condom or Occlusive cap (diaphragm or cervical/vault caps) with spermicidal foam/gel/film/cream/vaginal suppository.
13. Patients agree to be in compliance with treatment plan as planned in the clinical protocol.
Stage II (Screening/Randomization) In addition to fulfill the criteria in Stage I, following criteria should be met to be eligible for remaining in the study.
14. Patients' resected brain tumors are pathologically confirmed cases of the IDH-1 wild-type glioblastoma, and patients are willing to do monocyte-collecting apheresis at the screening/randomization visit.
15. At the screening/randomization visit, patients' resected brain tumors are confirmed of low PD-1+/ CD8+ ratio (ratio \<0.21).
16. Residual tumor with less than 25% contrast-enhancing mass on post-surgical brain MRI (within 2 days post-operation) as assessed by the neurosurgeon and/or radiologist.
Exclusion Criteria:
Stage I (Pre-screening)
1. Number of GBM is more than one
2. Patient who has participated in other investigational studies within 4 weeks prior to pre-screening
3. Patient with known or suspected hypersensitivity to ADCV01 or its excipients
4. Patient who has a history of hypersensitivity reaction (e.g., urticarial, allergic reaction including anaphylaxis, toxic epidermal necrosis, and Stevens-Johnson syndrome) to dacarbazine (DTIC) or any components of medications of temozolomide and bevacizumab
5. Patient has acute infectious disease or acute cardiovascular disease; clinically manifest myocardial insufficiency or history of myocardial infarction during the past 6 months prior to prescreening; or has active uncontrolled arterial hypertension as supported by medical history.
6. Patient has clinically significant immuno-compromised condition (other than that related to the use of corticosteroids), is human immunodeficiency virus positive (anti-HIV and nucleic acid test) or medical condition requiring systemic immunesuppressive treatments.
7. Patient with active rheumatic disease or other collagen vascular disease, or is with active autoimmune disorder or known history of an autoimmune neurologic condition (e.g., Guillain-Barre syndrome). Patients with vitiligo, type 1 diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism due to autoimmune condition, only requiring hormone replacement therapy are permitted to enroll.
8. Patients with psoriasis requiring systemic therapy, or conditions expected to recur in the presence of an external trigger
9. Patient with syphilis, acute HBV, HCV (except hepatitis carriers), HTLV-I/II, CMV, or an increased risk (or has been diagnosed) for human transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE); including Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD)
10. Patient with history of coagulation disorder associated with bleeding or recurrent thrombotic events
11. Patient with medical, social, or psychological factors interfering with compliance of the study
12. Female patient who is lactating, pregnant, or planned to be pregnant
13. Inability to undergo MRI for any reason
14. History of malignancy other than glioma that is not stable in the past 5 years prior to pre-screening (informed consent form signing date)
15. Patient not suitable to participate the trial as judged by the investigator. Stage II (Screening/Randomization)
The patient will be no longer eligible to participate the study if he/she met any of the following criteria:
16. GBM patients with high PD-1+/CD8+ ratio ≥ 0.21
17. GBM patients with mutant IDH-1
18. Residual tumor volume more than 25% of pre-operative tumor size.
