Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: * Scheduled non-emergency cardiac surgical patients including those with planned procedures of CABG, AVR, and combined CABG and AVR * 19 to 80 years old * Planned pre-operative anesthesia screening visit and/or preoperative surgical clinic visit. * Inpatient subject that is scheduled (greater than 24hrs in advance) for a non-emergency cardiac surgical case Exclusion Criteria: * Sufentanil allergy * EF less than or equal to 30% * Moderate or severe right ventricular dysfunction, * Moderate pulmonary dysfunction, to include patients with at home 02 and/or daily bronchodilator therapy. * End Stage Renal Disease on Dialysis * Chronic Kidney Disease with GFR \<30 * Sternotomy Re-do * Emergency surgery * Greater than 4 units of RBCs or FFP combined * Mechanical circulatory support post-operatively such as ECMO, IABP, Impella * Not eligible for rapid wean extubation protocol * Requires infusion of sedative medication required during ICU admission * Greater than or equal to 15 minute ICU hold within PACU