Clinical Research Directory

All consecutive CS patients hospitalized in the above reported centres between January 2020 and December 2030. Cardiogenic shock is defined as: 1. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) \<90 mmHg or mean arterial pressure (MAP) \<60 mmHg, after an appropriate fluid challenge if there is no sign of overt fluid overload, OR need of vasoactive agents to maintain SBP \> 90 mmHg or MAP \> 60 mmHg, OR need of MCS; 2. At least one of the following criteria/signs of overt hypoperfusion: mixed venous oxygen saturation \<60%; arterial lactates \> 2 mmol/L; oliguria \< 0.5 ml/Kg/h for at least 6 hours.