Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: Study participants: * Subjective complaints of Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) and/or Hypersomnia (H) as defined above * EDS and/or H present daily or almost daily for at least 1 month prior to the consultation * Ability and consent to undergo electrophysiological routine assessment * Ability to give informed consent Healthy controls: * Age and gender matched healthy subjects * Including blood related relatives of study participants * Ability and consent to undergo electrophysiological routine assessment * Ability to give informed consent Controls with Sleep disordered breathing (SDB): * Subjective complaints of EDS with Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) \> 10 (adults) and/or H due to SDB: Presence of clinically significant and untreated obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) as determined by the investigator with an apnea-hypopnea-index \>30/h * Multiple sleep-latency test (MSLT) mean sleep latency ≤ 8min * Subjective and objective improvement of EDS and/or H within 3 months after treatment with * Positive airway pressure (PAP) therapy with documented * Reduction of apnea-hypopnea index below \<10/h * Reduction of ESS by ≥ 25% * MSLT mean Sleep Latency \> 12min * Ability and consent to undergo electrophysiological routine assessment * Ability to give informed consent Exclusion Criteria: Study participants and controls: * SDB for study participants and healthy controls: Presence of clinically significant and untreated obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) or central sleep apnea (CSA) as determined by the investigator or documented previously; or documentation of one of the following: * Apnea index (AI) \> 10 if on OSA treatment or untreated; or * Clinically significant hypoventilation; or * Noncompliance with primary OSA therapy * except if NT1 has been diagnosed including decreased or missing cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) hypocretin * SDB for control population with SDB: * Central Sleep Apnea (CSA) * Noncompliance with primary OSA therapy and/or * No reported improvement of EDS and/or H within 3 months of positive airway pressure (PAP) treatment * The following disorders/conditions that on clinical grounds are considered to be the cause of EDS / H * Other sleep disorders (e.g. Restless legs syndrome (RLS) with periodic leg movement syndrome (PLMS), sleepwalking, clear-cut circadian disorder) * Other neurological disorders (e.g. stroke, multiple sclerosis, parkinsonism, severe traumatic brain injury) * (Auto-)immune and systemic disorders (such as Hashimoto Thyroiditis, Chron's Disease, ulcerous colitis, Diabetes mellitus type I, Systemic lupus erythematosus) * Malignancy (except: Status in Remission for at least \> 10 years) * Instable psychiatric disorder (e.g. acute psychotic, acute suicidal, episode of major depression requiring in-hospital treatment, active substance abuse) * Active infectious disease at screening * Permanent medications / drugs * Chronic infectious diseases (such as Hepatitis B/C, HIV) * Chronic use of antibiotics * Recent use (\< 8 weeks) of immune-modulating drugs Healthy controls additional: * Subjective complaints of EDS and / or H * ESS \> 10 * Polysomnography (PSG) with AI \> 10/h and / or PLMS Index \> 30/h * MSLT mean Sleep Latency \< 12 min