Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: * Age ≥ 18 years old * American Society of Anesthesiologists score (ASA) I, II or III stable * Laparotomy or laparoscopy for major, planned, digestive, urological or gynecological surgery under total intravenous anesthesia (expected total duration \> 90 minutes) * Having sign an informed consent form prior to any study specific procedure * Being covered by a national health insurance Non-Inclusion Criteria: * Pregnancy/lactation * Patient with antiarrhythmic agents * Patient with Central nervous system disorder * Patient with veinous approach difficulties * Patient at risk of difficult mask ventilation or difficult intubation * Concomitant use of any type of anesthesia other than general anesthesia (epidural anesthesia, spinal anesthesia, wall block, pericatricial infiltration). Wall blocks and pericatricial infiltrations are allowed if they are carried out at the end of the intervention * Allergy or intolerance to any of the study drugs * Patient not understanding French language * Being deprived of liberty or under guardianship Exclusion Criteria: * Patient requiring the administration of succinylcholine * Patient with hemodynamic abnormality just before induction of anesthesia (mean arterial pressure \< 65 mm Hg or \> 110 mm Hg, heart rate \< 45/min or \> 90/min * Concomitant use of any type of anesthesia other than general anesthesia (epidural anesthesia, spinal anesthesia, wall block, pericatricial infiltration). Wall blocks and pericatricial infiltrations are allowed if they are carried out at the end of the intervention * Concomitant use of IV lidocaine or continuous ketamine (IV, SE) during anaesthesia