Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: * 1\. Age 18-65 Years old * 2\. scheduled for laparoscopic colectomy or laparoscopic rectectomy surgery (Dixon technique) * 3\. American Society of anesthesiology (ASA) grade I or grade II Exclusion Criteria: * 1\. Patients have severe cardiac diseases (cardiac function grading greater than grade 3/arrhythmia including sick sinus syndrome, atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, atrioventricular block, frequent ventricular premature, multiple ventricular premature, ventricular premature R on T, ventricular fibrillation and ventricular flutter/acute coronary syndrome) or respiratory failure or hepatic failure or renal failure; * 2\. Patients with poor blood glucose control (glycosylated hemoglobin\>7%); * 3\. Patients with poor blood pressure control (receive regular antihypertensive medical treatment but still have systolic blood pressure \> 150 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure \> 90 mmHg ); * 4\. Patients have schizophrenia, epilepsy, Parkinson's disease, mental retardation, or hearing impairment. * 5\. Patients have thrombosis such as in lower extremity or in other veins. * 6\. Patients have neuromuscular disorders affecting lower limb activity, such as myasthenia gravis and cerebral infarction, which cause lower limb muscle weakness; * 7\. Patients have contraindications for epidural puncture. * 8\. Patients refuse to sign informed consent for research.