Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: patients who meet all the following inclusion criteria may be included in this study: 1. Admission to ICU 2. Indications for at least one of the following extracorporeal blood purification treatments: 1. Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy (CRRT) / Intermittent Hemodialysis (IHD) / Hybrid therapies for renal support/replacement; 2. Immunomodulation therapy in critically ill patients using hemodiafilters with larger pore sizes characterized by enhanced transmembrane clearance of larger molecules (such as cytokines), hemodiafilters with enhanced unselective absorption of cytokines and/or endotoxins, cartridges with enhanced absorption of cytokines and/or endotoxins, techniques aimed at improving extracorporeal removal of cytokines and/or endotoxins. It should be underlined that the lack of established guidelines on the use of membranes for extracorporeal blood purification (and on RRTs in general) leads to variability in clinical practice and treatments are initiated in accordance with the judgement of the responsible physician. Under these circumstances, it is preferable to keep inclusion criteria as wide as possible so as to obtain a real picture of clinical practice worldwide. Exclusion Criteria: besides contraindications to the use of the EBP adopted (as from the manual of instructions), there are no exclusion criteria.