Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: * Age \> 18 years of both genders * Suitable candidate for catheter and ablation of atrial fibrillation defined as: history of symptomatic persistent atrial fibrillation in the past year documented by ECG, * Patient affiliated or beneficiary of social security scheme, * Free, informed and written consent signed by the participant and the principal investigator (at least at the inclusion date and before all exams required for the clinical research), * Effective contraception for women of childbearing potential. Exclusion Criteria: * Prior left atrial heart ablation procedure, * Documented left atrial thrombus or another abnormality which precludes catheter introduction, * Contraindication to anticoagulation therapy (heparin, warfarin, or novel oral anticoagulant (NOAC)), * Contraindication to iodinated contrast products (history of major immediate reaction, thyrotoxicosis), * Ethanol hypersensitivity, * Unstable angina or ongoing myocardial ischemia, * Myocardial infarction within 3 months prior to inclusion, * Congenital heart disease, where the underlying abnormality increases the ablation risk, * Severe bleeding, clotting or thrombotic disorder, * Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy defined by a left ventricular septum thickness \> 1.5 cm, * Pregnant, parturient or nursing women, * Person unable to give informed consent, * Patient detained by judicial or administrative order, patient under legal protection (guardianship, curators, safeguarding justice).