Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: * Age 9 years and older * CISS score ≥ 16 * Best-corrected distance visual acuity of 20/25 or better in each eye * Random dot stereopsis appreciation of 500 seconds of arc or better * Parent or subject understands the protocol and is willing to enroll in the study Exclusion Criteria: * Constant strabismus at distance or near * Vertical heterophoria ≥ 2 ∆ at distance or near * ≥ 2 line interocular difference in best-corrected visual acuity * Near point of accommodation \> 20 cm in either eye as measured by push-up method * Manifest or latent nystagmus * Non-strabismic binocular vision and accommodative disorders associated with known disease of the brain * Diseases known to affect accommodation, vergence, or ocular motility such as multiple sclerosis, Graves orbitopathy, myasthenia gravis, diabetes mellitus, Parkinson disease * Any ocular or systemic medication known to affect accommodation or vergence such as anti-anxiety agents (e.g., Librium or Valium), anti-arrhythmic agents (e.g., Cifenline, Cibenzoline), anti-cholinergics, bladder spasmolytic drugs (e.g., Propiverine), hydroxychloroquine, chloroquine, phenothiazines (e.g., Compazine, Mellaril, Thorazine), tricyclic antidepressants (e.g., Elavil, Nortriptyline, Tofranil) * Inability to comprehend and/or perform any study-related test or procedure