Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: * Adult patient ASA status 1-3 who were orally informed and did refuse to participate. * Patient in whom general anesthesia with tracheal intubation were planned. * Patient in whom an arterial catheter and a monitoring of cardiac output by esophageal Doppler were indicated for hemodynamic optimization * Patient with cardiac sinusal mode Exclusion Criteria: * Patient \< 18-year-old * Cardiac arrythmia * Patient with anomaly in oro-pharyngo-esophageal tractus * Patients with hemostasis anomaly (PT \< 30%, platelets \< 50 000 elements/mm3) * Patient in whom the cardiac output monitoring or measurement was not possible by Esophageal Doppler or echography * Patients in whom cardiac arrythmia occurred during the procedure of hemodynamic optimization.