Clinical Research Directory

Case Inclusion criteria: 1. Current admission is the child's first PICU (including pediatric subspecialty ICU) admission 2. Patient age ≥4 weeks and ≥44 weeks corrected gestational age and \<16 years (has not yet reached 16th birthday) on PICU admission 3. At least one parent/legal guardian (≥18 years of age or considered emancipated) living with the potential subject 4. PICU LOS of 3 days (covering at least 3 nights from midnight to 7am) in which the patient received intensive care therapies for organ dysfunction (for example, invasive mechanical ventilation, vasopressors/inotropes, acute renal replacement therapy, or other extracorporeal therapies). 5. Anticipated patient discharge to home (directly or indirectly after a stay in another facility) Case Exclusion criteria: 1. Patient history of neonatal intensive care unit hospitalization 2. Life expectancy not anticipated to be more than one year (e.g., active do not resuscitate \[DNR\] plan or actively managed by the palliative care team for end-of-life symptom management) 3. Patient in foster care or ward of the state Control subjects: As above but will be PICU patients who received an overnight PICU stay (\<36 hours covering one midnight to 7am time period) that did not include intensive care therapies. Post-operative children who were intubated/extubated in the operating room/PACU (or intubated in the operating room and extubated in the PICU on arrival and prior to parent presence at the bedside) can be enrolled as control subjects. Control subjects will be frequency matched to cases on age group, sex, and medical complexity, that is, complex chronic disease (C-CD), noncomplex chronic disease (NC-CD), and without CD on a 2:1 case:control ratio. Family Subjects: At least one eligible parent/legal guardian must be willing to participate. In addition, up to two cognitively capable siblings (PCPC of 1 or 2) aged 8 to \<16 years, who live with the patient, and who have not been ICU hospitalized will be invited to participate. If more than two siblings are eligible, the two siblings with the next birthday (regardless of birth year) will be invited to participate.