Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: * Monolingual native speaker of English * No history of neurological impairments or disease * Free of speech and language disorders (per self-report, and confirmed by short language battery described by Fidler, Vance, \& Plante, 2011) * Pure-tone thresholds of 30 decibels or better in both ears (no worse than mild hearing loss), with no more than 15 dB between-ear difference. * Right-handed, as confirmed by Oldfield Handedness Inventory Exclusion Criteria: * Any condition where TMS would be contraindicated according to the most recent guidelines, including, but not limited to: * History of seizure or epilepsy * Metal in the skull * Use of legal or illicit drugs that can potentially reduce the threshold for seizure. As examples, we list some exclusionary drugs in each of the following categories. This is not an exhaustive list of the exclusionary drugs. We consult with faculty in the University of Connecticut College of Pharmacy to check for seizure risk with other drugs that participants report. * Antidepressants including Imipramine, amitriptyline, sertraline, venlafaxine, buproprion * Antipsychotics including Chlorpromazine, clozapine, haloperidol, aripiprazole * Antivirals including foscarnet, ganciclovir * Antiparasitics including chloroquine, mefloquine (antiparasitics) * Antibiotics including penicillin, ampicillin * Immunosuppressants including cyclosporin * Anticholinergenics * Antihistimines (including over-the-counter drugs like Claritin \& Benadryl) * Sympathomimetics (including Sudafed, Ritalin). * Illegal drugs such as methamphetamines, cocaine, MDMA, ketamine. * Diagnosis of a psychiatric disorder (per self-report) * Pregnancy