Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: 1. Age \> 21 2. Electrophysiological diagnostic (mapping) and/or therapeutic (ablation) of epicardial sites via percutaneous subxiphoid approach to the to the normal, non-distended ericardial space is indicated. 3. Pre-treatment coagulation values within the following limits: * international normalized ratio 0.8 - 1.2 * partial thromboplastin time 25 - 35'' 4. Pre-treatment hematology and biochemistry values within the following limits: * hemoglobin ≥ 10 g/dL (g/100 mL) * platelets ≥ 150 x 10\^9/L (x 10\^3/mm\^3) * white blood cells ≥ 3.0 x 10\^9/L (x 10\^3/mm\^3) * absolute neutrophil count (ANC) ≥ 1.5 x 10\^9/L (1.5 x 10\^3/mm\^3) * serum creatinine \< 1.5 mg/dL * aspartate aminotransferase \< 1.5 x ULN (upper limit of norm) * alanine aminotransferase \< 1.5 x ULN * alkaline phosphatase \< 1.5 x ULN 5. Signed informed consent. Exclusion Criteria: * History of cardiac or pericardial surgery or prior pericardial ablation. * History of chronic pericarditis. * Known pericardial fibrosis and/or adhesions. * Any anomaly in the chest anatomy. * Myocardial infarction, past or present. * Bleeding disorders. * Hepatic enlargement. * BMI \> 40 * Participation in another interventional trial. * Pregnancy.