Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: 1. ≥ 21 years old of any gender and race; 2. Clinical ischemic stroke or hemorrhagic (confirmed by CT or MRI) that occurred \>= 2 months ago 3. Predominantly unilateral motor impairment with FM-UE score ≤ 62/66; 4. MEPs are inducible from a hand muscle on the affected side (i.e. Abductor Pollicis Brevis (APB) muscle). Exclusion Criteria: 1. Any concomitant neurological disorder affecting arm function; 2. Documented history of severe dementia with or without medication before stroke; 3. Subject is unable to do the motor learning practice at the baseline; 4. Presence of any MRI/TMS/ultrasonic stimulation risk factors: an electrically, magnetically, or mechanically activated metal or nonmetal implant including cardiac pacemaker, intracerebral vascular clips, or any other electrically sensitive support system; non-fixed metal in any part of the body; pregnancy (the effect of TMS/ultrasonic stimulation on the fetus is unknown); no history of seizure before or after the stroke; preexisting scalp lesion or wound or bone defect or hemicraniectomy.