Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: 1. Stroke confirmed by neurologists, neurosurgeons and brain imaging (CT, CT angiogram, MRI, MR angiogram) 2. First ever confirmed stroke 3. Asian ethnicity 4. Age 21-90 years 5. Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA) scores 21/30 and above 6. Admission to rehabilitation ward is within 8 weeks of stroke onset Exclusion Criteria: 1. Recurrent stroke or transient ischaemic attack (TIA) 2. Upper limb impairment not related to stroke: e.g., subarachnoid haemorrhage, traumatic brain injury or brain tumours 3. Bilateral upper limb impairment. 4. Uncontrolled medical conditions such as hypertension, hypotension, diabetes mellitus, unstable angina, cardiac failure or sepsis will be excluded. 5. Active fractures or arthritis of upper limb joints/bones 6. Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) pain \> 5/10 7. MOCA \< 21/30 8. Severe behavioural disturbance or agitation or epilepsy or untreated depression 9. Life expectancy \< 6 months 10. End organ failures on replacements (renal dialysis or renal replacement therapies) 11. Minimally responsive or unresponsive awareness (vegetative) states 12. Pregnancy or lactation states 13. Admission to rehab ward later than 8 weeks post-stroke 14. (For TMS assessments only) History of epilepsy or seizures, or cranial surgeries, or have metal implants in body or head, or have implanted electronics, or have metallic valve, or skull fracture or brain injury, or head or brain surgeries.