Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: * age 18-75 years * patients received liver transplantation * new onset of proteinuria(defined as 24-hour proteinuria\>1g/24h, or Urinary albumin creatinine ratio(UACR)\>300mg/g on at least two occasions), and/or renal impairment: eGFR \<60 mL/min/1.73 m² at least two occasions, and/or serum creatinine increase ≥50% from baseline * have received renal biopsy in the past 3 months * Signed informed consent form(ICF) Exclusion Criteria: * patients received renal transplantation * hepatic failure * severe bleeding risk or platelet \<70\*109/L * chronic kidney insufficiency with eGFR\<30ml/min·1.73m2,or kidney atrophy, or solitary kidney, or medullary sponge kidney, or polycystic kidney, or obstructive nephropathy * uncontrolled mental disease or unable to cooperate during operation * Pregnancy or lactation * not suitable for this study judged by investigaters