Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: * 18 years of age or older; * Documented atrial fibrillation; * Referred for any type of AF ablation: catheter ablation, stand-alone surgical AF ablation, surgical AF ablation concomitant with cardiac surgery, hybrid AF ablation, or redo AF ablation; * Able and willing to provide written informed consent. Exclusion Criteria: * Conditions preventing the patient from adhering from the study protocol; * Emergency procedures. A subject who meets any of the following criteria will be excluded from the subset in whom additional consent for transesophageal ECG-imaging is asked: * Severe allergic reaction against contrast agents used in the CT- or MRI-protocol * Severe allergic reaction against body surface electrodes A subject who meets any of the following criteria will be excluded from the subset in whom additional consent for transesophageal ECG (TE-ECG) is asked: • Status after esophageal or gastric surgery A subject who meets any of the following criteria will be excluded from the subset in whom additional consent for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (ISOLATION CMR) is asked: • Contraindication to MRI A subject who meets any of the following criteria will be excluded from the subset in whom additional consent for concomitant hybrid ablation of atrial fibrillation (COMBAT-AF) is asked: • Prior catheter or surgical AF ablation. Specific exclusion criteria for epicardial mapping (only applicable for patients undergoing hybrid or surgical AF ablation): * Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) Gold 11, 111, or IV; * Heart failure, currently in New York Heart Association (NYHA) class Ill or IV; * Any other pulmonary, cardiac, or other condition that may compromise a safe conduct of epicardial mapping in the opinion of the treating physician or investigator, taking the prolonged duration of single lung ventilation into account.