Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: 1. The child is aged between 5 and 9 years old 2. The child has a long-term illness (such as diabetes or rheumatism) 3. The child has previous experience of venous blood sampling 4. The child's level of development is age-appropriate (such as, the child is cared for at home or in day care/day nursery or attends school in the same level as the other children) 5. Child and parent understand and speak the Finnish language Exclusion Criteria: 1. The child has a diagnosis of abnormal neurological development (such as, a child has difficulty understanding spoken language or expressing emotions) 2. The child has chronic pain that has lasted more than 3 months and requires strong painkillers (opiates). 3. The child undergoes an examination or treatment during a check-up at the outpatient clinic that requires medical treatment similar to anesthesia 4. The child is taking a sedative medication.