Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: * Scheduled for ablation of paroxysmal or persistent AF * Willingness, ability, and commitment to participate in baseline and follow-up evaluations for the duration of the study * Willing and able to give informed consent * Failed at least one antiarrhythmic drug (AAD) (Class I to IV) as evidenced by recurrent symptomatic AF or intolerable or contraindicated to the AAD Exclusion Criteria: * Contraindication to AF ablation, TEE or anticoagulation * Duration of continuous AF lasting longer than 12 months * History of previous LA ablation or surgical treatment of AF/AT/AFL * AF secondary to electrolyte imbalance, thyroid disease, or any other reversible or non-cardiac cause * Structural heart disease described as: * LVEF \<30% based on TTE within 6 months of procedure * Left atrial size \> 50mm based on TTE within 6 months of procedure (parasternal view) * An implanted pacemaker or ICD * Previous cardiac surgery, ventriculotomy, or atriotomy (excluding atriotomy for CABG) * Previous cardiac valvular surgical or percutaneous procedure or prosthetic valve * Interatrial baffle, closure device, patch, ASD or PFO * Presence of a left atrial appendage occlusion device * CABG or PTCA procedure within the last 6 months * Unstable angina or ongoing myocardial ischemia * Myocardial infarction within the previous 6 months * Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy defined as left ventricular septal wall thickness \> 1.5cm * History of blood clotting or bleeding disease * Prior history within the previous 6 months of documented cerebral infarction, TIA or system embolism * Pregnant or lactating (current or anticipated within study follow-up) * Current enrollment in any other study protocol where testing or results from that study may interfere with the procedure or outcomes measurement for this study * Any other condition, in the judgment of the investigator, makes the patient a poor candidate for this procedure, the study or compliance with the protocol