Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: * Age 18-35 years or ≥60 years * Healthy volunteers who meet one of the following criteria according to their self-reported medical history: 1. American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) 1: A normal healthy patient. Example: Fit, nonobese (BMI under 30), a nonsmoking patient with good exercise tolerance. 2. ASA 2: A patient with mild systemic disease. Example: Patient with no functional limitations and a well-controlled disease (eg, treated hypertension, obesity with BMI under 35, frequent social drinker, but is nonsmoking). Exclusion Criteria: * Age \<18 years; 36-59 years * Person with active psychiatric disorders, especially schizophrenia * Person who is deaf or blind