Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: 1. 18 years of age and over at the time of enrollment. 2. Patients referred with single kidney stones of 10-20 mm in its largest diameter, or multiple stones involving a single calyx. 3. Written informed consent to participate in the study 4. Ability to comply with the requirements of the study procedures Exclusion Criteria: 1. Patients with ipsilateral distal ureteral stones or stricture. 2. Stone size \> 20 mm or multiple kidney stones in different calyces. 3. Previous shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) treatment for the same stone. 4. Participants with active urinary tract infection until appropriately treated 5. Uncorrected coagulopathy (anticoagulants or blood thinners which cannot be withheld before surgery). 6. Pregnancy. 7. Participants with preexisting conditions, which, in the opinion of the investigator, interfere with the conduct of the study. 8. Participants who are uncooperative or cannot follow instructions. 9. Participants who lack the capacity, or cannot speak English, in order to provide free and informed written consent. 10. Patients with solitary kidney.