Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: * Inclusion criteria for the CHD Group are as follows: singleton pregnancies; gestational age between 19+6 and 36+6 weeks gestation, determined by the last menstrual period and confirmed by first trimester ultrasound; isolated congenital cardiac anomaly diagnosed. * Inclusion criteria for the Control Group are as follows: singleton pregnancies; gestational age between 19+6 and 27+6 weeks gestation, determined by the last menstrual period and confirmed by first trimester ultrasound; no congenital cardiac anomaly diagnosed Exclusion Criteria common to the 2 groups (Cases and Controls): * Fetuses whose mothers have comorbidities that have been proven to potentially affect cardiac function including: * intrahepatic cholestasis * pre-gestational and gestational diabetes * preeclampsia * growth restricted fetuses defined as estimated fetal weight or abdominal circumference \<3rd percentile for GA * Fetuses with other structural extracardiac anomalies at ultrasound examination * Fetuses affected by any diagnosed genetic abnormalities