Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: * 40 T2D patients (20 Caucasian and 20 SAS) * 40-70 years old * Male-female * BMI 25-35 kg/m2 * Stable anti diabetic drugs for 3 months (metformin is obligatory) * Stable medication use past 3 months * Able to give informed consent Exclusion Criteria: * \- Proton-pump inhibitor usage (known to effect gut microbiota) * GLP1, SGLT2i or insulin use (known to effect gut microbiota) * Antibiotic for the past 3 months (known to effect gut microbiota) * Probiotic or symbiotic usage (known to effect gut microbiota) * Pregnant women * Chronic illness (including a known history of heart failure, renal failure (eGFR \<30 ml/min), pulmonary disease, gastrointestinal disorders, or hematologic diseases), or other inflammatory diseases * Active infection * Previous intestinal (e.g., bowel resection/reconstruction) surgery * Smoking (due to its influence on gut microbiome) * Vegetarian diet (since they have different microbiota) * \>6 alcohol units per day or \>14 alcohol units per week * Active malignancy * HbA1c \>9% (75mmol/mol)