Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: * Patients aged 18 to 45 years * Patients with pulp necrosis of a single canal permanent tooth due to trauma or caries * Patients who have signed informed consent Exclusion Criteria: * Patients with pulp necrosis caused by severe trauma to the tooth, such as crown root fracture, tooth root fracture, tooth displacement, etc * Patients with calcification of the apical foramen at the root of the tooth * History of hereditary disorders of abnormal tooth development * Dental occlusal trauma, bruxism, malocclusion * Bad oral habits (sticking out the tongue, biting lips, biting nails, sucking fingers, etc.) * Presence of uncontrollable pathological processes in the oral cavity (presence of acute advanced diseases in the oral cavity) * Malnutrition (serum albumin concentration\<2 g/dl) * Patients with history of other systemic, communicable or hereditary diseases have been diagnosed * Pregnant, nursing, planning to become pregnant * The investigators determined that the patient was not suitable for the study