Clinical Research Directory

INCLUSION CRITERIA * Fundal height between 24 and 27 cm * Woman living in the health zone of Accart-Ville, Colma 1 or Farakan * Woman not planning to give birth or move outside the study area in the first 6 months of the infant's life * Gestational age between 24 weeks 0 completed day and 29 weeks 6 days (ultrasound) * Monofetal pregnancy without visible malformation * Woman agreeing to give her informed consent to participate in the study * Delivery of a live birth * Vaginal birth * Absence of severe infectious pathology, severe pneumopathy or respiratory distress in the neonate * Neonates who did not receive corticosteroids or antibiotics at birth For Small Vulnerable Newborns (SVNs): * Low birth weight: \<2500g; and/or, * Preterm: born between the 34th and 37th week of pregnancy; and/or, * Small for Gestational Age: \<10 percentile of INTERGROWTH-21st birthweight standards. For healthy community controls: * Neonate born after the 37th week of pregnancy; and, * Birth weight \>2500g; and, * ≥10 percentile of INTERGROWTH-21st birthweight standards; and, * Possible match with a SVN neonate already recruited into the study. EXCLUSION CRITERIA * Fundal height \<24 cm or \>27 cm * Woman living outside the sanitary zone of the Accart-Ville, Colma 1 or Farakan * Woman planning to give birth outside the study area or to move from it within the first 6 months of the infants's life * Gestational age \<24 weeks or ≥30 weeks (ultrasound) * Multi-fetal pregnancy * Malformation visible on ultrasound * Cesarean delivery * Neonate with severe infectious disease, severe pneumopathy or respiratory distress * Neonate who received corticosteroids or antibiotics just after birth