Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: * Over 18 years old * Preoperative imaging suggested the presence of space occupying in the head of the pancreas, ampullary abdomen, and distal common bile duct tumor lesions to be treated with Pancreaticoduodenectomy * No distant transfer * No significant vascular invasion was received Exclusion Criteria: * With tumors of other organs * Patients unable to tolerate anesthesia and operation due to serious abnormalities in functions of heart, lung and other important organs * Patients found intraoperative peripheral organ metastasis combined with excision of other organs or found intraoperative radical excision could not be performed and underwent palliative drainage surgery or end the surgery * Preoperative adjuvant therapy was given