Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: 1. Age 18-60; 2. Participates in regular physical activity, at least once a week for 30 minutes; 3. Chronic pain in the shoulder or elbow longer than 3 months; 4. 11-items Numeric pain rating scale ≥4; and 5. Willing to provide written informed consent. Exclusion Criteria: 1. The patient had received previous physiotherapy, acupuncture, Tui Na massage, or bone-setting treatment for distal upper limb pain within the past 2 weeks; 2. The pain was due to a fracture or known complex regional pain syndrome. 3. History of upper limb surgery; 4. Known severe medical conditions (e.g. rheumatoid arthritis, osteoporosis, cardiac, renal, hepatic, hematological diseases, vertigo, seizure, infection, malignancy, neurological impairment); 5. Concomitant drugs of NSAIDs, any kind of painkillers, or anti-inflammatory drugs 15 days prior to randomization; 6. Known impaired hematological profile and liver / renal function; 7. Known allergic history to any topical cream; 8. Known pregnant or lactating; or 9. Unable to complete questionnaires