Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: 1. Age between 25-45 years old. 2. Males or females. 3. Healthy patients whom are categorized as I or II according to The American Society of Anesthesiologists. (ASA I or II) 4. Patients' accepting to participate in the trial. 5. Patients who can understand pain scale and can sign the informed consent. 6. Mandibular Single rooted premolars, having single root canal: * Diagnosed clinically with pulp necrosis. * Absence of spontaneous pulpal pain. * Positive pain on percussion denoting apical periodontitis. * Periapical radiolucency not exceeding 2\*2 mm radiographically. * Normal occlusal contact with opposing teeth. Exclusion Criteria: 1. Medically compromised patients having significant systemic disorders (ASA III or IV). 2. If analgesics or antibiotics have been administrated by the patient during the past 24 hours preoperatively as it might alter their pain perception. 3. Pregnant women: to avoid radiation exposure, anesthesia, medication and hormonal Fluctuation that might increase pain prevalence. 4. Patients reporting bruxism, clenching, TMJ problems or traumatic occlusion: to avoid further pressure on inflamed tooth which induce subsequent irritation and inflammation. 5. Patients with two or more adjacent teeth requiring endodontic treatment. 6. Teeth that requires further procedural steps or multidisciplinary approach, which is out of this experiment's scope: i. Association with swelling or fistulous tract. ii. Acute periapical abscess. iii. Mobility Grade II or III. iv. Pocket depth more than 5mm. v. Previous root canal treatment. vi. Non -restorable vii. Immature roots viii. Radiographic evidence of external or internal root resorption, vertical root fracture, perforation, calcification. 7. Inability to perceive the given instructions.