Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: * ≥40 years * Patients are discharged from 2016 -2022 * Discharge Diagnosis: Using the Discharge Diagnosis ICD Codes found in the Primary Diagnosis to determine if a patient has COPD * Validated against Spirometry results (for patient with a spirometry reading): Spirometry reading taken from anytime point before. Patient should have Post FEV1/FVC ratio of \< 0.7 in any one of the spirometry readings. If Post FEV1/FVC is not available, we will check if patients have a Pre FEV1/FVC value, and will also include patients with Pre FEV1/FVC ratio of \< 0.7 in any one of the spirometry readings. Exclusion Criteria: * Admission diagnosis due to causes other than COPD