Clinical Research Directory

Main echocardiography study Inclusion Criteria: 1. Provision of informed consent 2. Age \>18 years 3. Planned elective primary hip or knee joint replacement under spinal anaesthesia, major colorectal, major vascular surgery or surgery requiring one lung ventilation with or without lung resection Exclusion Criteria: 1. Pregnancy 2. On-going participation in any investigational research which could undermine the scientific basis of the study 3. Previous major surgery within three months prior to recruitment 4. Previous participation in the IMPRoVE study at any time 5. Inadequate comprehension of English resulting in inability to comply with instructions while undergoing investigations required for main study and sub-studies. Additional exclusion criteria applicable to the T1 CMR sub-study includes: 1. Atrial fibrillation at baseline 2. Contraindication to cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (metal work in body etc) 3. Contraindication to IV Gadolinium: acute or chronic renal failure, allergy to contrast