Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: (i) Age 16-40 years; (ii) individuals belonging to either one of the following two groups: * attenuated psychotic symptoms (APS): Experience of subthreshold, attenuated forms of positive psychotic symptoms including ideas of reference, odd beliefs or magical thinking, perceptual disturbance, paranoid ideation, odd thinking and speech, odd behavior and appearance, at least several times per week within the last year, present for at least one week and no longer than five years, according to the criteria operationalized in the Comprehensive Assessment of At Risk Mental State (CAARMS) interview (Yung et al., 2003); * brief limited intermittent psychotic symptoms (BLIPS): Episodes of frank psychotic symptoms that have not lasted longer than a week and have spontaneously abated, according to the criteria operationalized in the CAARMS interview (Yung et al., 2003); (iii) ability to give informed consent and to follow study procedures Exclusion Criteria: (i) Past history of a treated or untreated manifest psychotic episode of one week's duration or longer (ii) Increases of dosages of antipsychotic medications - if any is given at all - within the last two weeks and/or clinical necessity for dosage increases at time of inclusion; (iii) Past neuroleptic exposure exceeding a total lifetime haloperidol dose of 50 mg (equivalent doses as referred to in Gardner, Murphy, O'Donnell, Centorrino, and Baldessarini (2010)); (iv) Acute suicidality or acute aggressive behavior; (v) Current attenuated symptoms that are entirely explained by acute intoxication (e.g., current attenuated symptoms entirely explained by LSD use) (vi) Organic brain disease (e.g. epilepsy, inflammatory brain disease etc.); (vii) Any other physical illness with psychotropic effect, if not stabilized; (viii) Diagnosis of a serious developmental disorder, e.g. Asperger ́s syndrome; (ix) Premorbid IQ lower than 70; (x) Inadequate knowledge of German language