Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: * Adult patients (\>18 years) * American Society of Anesthesiologists status I and II * undergoing elective maxillomandibular fixation surgeries under general anesthesia with nasal endotracheal intubation Exclusion Criteria: * patients' refusal * pregnant females * patients with body mass index \<18.5 or ≥ 35 kg/m2 * risk of aspiration * cardiorespiratory disorder * neuromuscular disease * uncontrolled diabetes mellitus * gastrointestinal bleeding * on chronic steroid therapy * intubated patients or were intubated or had upper airway infection within 1 week prior to surgery * history of any pathology, radiotherapy or surgery in the neck * had difficult laryngeal US plane (as neck wound)