Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: (1) admission to hospital, (2) fulfills WHO case definition, including a positive PCR for COVID-19 from any specimen (e.g., nasopharyngeal, throat, saliva, urine, stool, other bodily fluid), (3) not received any therapy (radiotherapy, chemotherapy, corticotherapy, hormonotherapy, immunotherapy, anti-inflammatory, antibiotics, antiparasitic, antiviral, antibacterial, convalescent plasma, monoclonal antibodies, or other treatments such as hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin) before admission and samples' collection, and (4) Spo2 \< 90%. Exclusion Criteria: (1) Non-SARS-CoV-2, (2) active indication and use for one of the investigational products (e.g., HIV positive if antiretroviral agents were used), (3) allergy or hypersensitivity to one of the investigational products (Lopinavir/Ritonavir, Remdesivir, Tocilizumab) or other contraindication, (4) progression to death is imminent and inevitable within the next 24 hours, irrespective of the provision of treatments, (5) received any therapy (radiotherapy, chemotherapy, hormonotherapy, immunotherapy, anti-inflammatory, antibiotics, antiparasitic, antiviral, antibacterial, convalescent plasma, monoclonal antibodies, or other treatments such as hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin) before admission and samples' collection, (6) weight loss during the last 2 years, (7) abdominal surgeries, (8) pregnancy, and (9) SpO2 superior or equal to 90%, and (10) vaccinated individuals were excluded. \-