Inclusion Criteria:
Age
1. Participant is ≥ 60 to ≤ 90 years of age inclusive, at the time of signing the informed consent.
Type of Participant and Disease Characteristics
2. Participant is an ambulatory postmenopausal woman (defined as lack of menstrual period for at least 12 months prior to Screening Visit, for which there is no other obvious pathological or physiological cause).
* Serum FSH test can be done at the Screening Visit in case of uncertainty.
* Female participants who underwent bilateral oophorectomy (with or without hysterectomy) at least 6 weeks prior to the Screening Period are eligible to participate.
3. Participant is diagnosed with osteoporosis, with absolute BMD consistent with a T-score of ≤ -2.5 and ≥ -4.0 at the lumbar spine (L1-L4 region) as measured by DXA at the Screening Visit.
4. Participant has at least two lumbar vertebrae in L1-L4 region and one hip evaluable by DXA for BMD measurement at the Screening Visit.
Weight 5. Participant has body weight ≥ 50 kg and ≤ 90 kg at Screening. Informed Consent 6. Participant is able to read and understand, and willing to provide signed informed consent as described in Appendix 1, Section 10.1.3 which includes compliance with the requirements and restrictions listed in the ICF and in this protocol.
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Exclusion Criteria:
Medical Conditions
1. Participant has a history and/or presence of any severe or more than two moderate vertebral fractures as determined by central reading of lateral spine X-ray at Screening Visit.
2. Participant has a history and/or presence of hip fracture.
3. Participant has a history and/or presence of atypical femur fracture.
4. Participant presents with any active healing fracture, per assessment of the Investigator.
5. Participant has a history of bilateral hip replacement (unilateral is allowed if the other hip is evaluable by DXA).
6. Participant has history and/or presence of osteonecrosis of the external auditory canal.
7. Evidence of any of the following conditions which may affect BMD or interfere with the interpretation of the findings:
1. Participant has a history of bone disease e.g., osteomalacia, osteopetrosis, Paget's disease, or osteogenesis imperfecta.
2. Participant has a history of metabolic or other endocrinologic diseases such as Cushing's disease, hyperprolactinemia, hypopituitarism, acromegaly, malabsorption syndrome (or any gastrointestinal disorders associated with malabsorption, e.g., Crohn's disease and chronic pancreatitis).
3. Participant has a history of chronic inflammatory diseases, obvious sclerosis, osteophytosis, severe scoliosis, or other degenerative changes due to other co-morbidities.
4. Participant has a history or current hyperparathyroidism or hypoparathyroidism. Note: Mild non-clinically significant secondary hyperparathyroidism may be acceptable upon discussion with the Medical Monitor.
5. Participant has current uncontrolled hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism. Note: Participants with hypothyroidism who are on stable thyroid hormone replacement therapy may be allowed per the following criteria:
* If TSH level is within normal range, the participant is eligible.
* If TSH level is elevated (\> 5.5 μIU/mL and ≤ 10.0 μIU/mL) and serum free T4 is within normal range, the participant is eligible. If TSH is below the lower level of normal, the participant should be excluded.
6. Participant has other disease conditions where there is bone/joint involvement (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, gout, multiple myeloma, achondroplasia, bone metastases, renal osteodystrophy, osteomyelitis).
8. Participant has hypocalcemia (defined as albumin adjusted serum calcium level \< 2.0 mmol/L \[8.0 mg/dL\] Grade 2 per Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 5.0) or hypercalcemia (defined as albumin adjusted serum calcium levels \> 2.62 mmol/L \[10.50 mg/dL\]).
9. Participant has vitamin D deficiency (defined as 25-hydroxy vitamin D level \< 20 ng/mL \[\< 50 nmol/L\]).
Note: Oral replenishment of vitamin D is permitted at the discretion of the Investigator and in accordance with local standard of care during the Screening Period. Participants can be enrolled if a repeat test (post supplementation) prior to enrollment shows corrected 25-hydroxy vitamin D level ≥ 20 ng/mL (≥ 50 nmol/L).
10. Participant has any malignancy (except fully resected cutaneous basal cell or squamous cell carcinoma, cervical or breast ductal carcinoma in situ) within the last 5 years.
11. Participant has known history of liver cirrhosis.
12. Participant has known history of hepatitis B, hepatitis C, or HIV infection, or an active infection including, but not limited to SARS-CoV-2, tests positive for hepatitis B (positive HBsAg, positive anti-HBc with negative anti-HBs), hepatitis C (hepatitis C antibody), or HIV antibody during the Screening Period.
13. Participant has oral or dental conditions:
1. Prior history or current evidence of osteomyelitis or osteonecrosis of the jaw.
2. Active dental or jaw condition which requires oral surgery.
3. Invasive dental procedure planned during the study or within the past 6 months (e.g., tooth extraction, dental implants, oral surgery).
4. Non-healed dental or oral surgery.
5. Active periodontal disease.
6. Poor oral hygiene.
14. Participant has a history of major surgery within 8 weeks prior to the Screening Period or planned, anticipated major surgery during the study.
15. Participant has a history and/or presence of significant cardiac disease or ECG abnormalities indicating significant risk for participating in the study as judged by the Investigator.
Prior/Concomitant Therapy
16. Participant shows contraindications to denosumab therapy (e.g., hypocalcemia), or calcium or vitamin D supplementation before starting study intervention administration.
17. Participant requires ongoing use of any osteoporosis treatment (other than calcium and vitamin D supplements).
18. Use of any of the below medications that can affect BMD:
l. Denosumab used at any time prior to Screening Visit.
1. Oral bisphosphonates at any dose for osteoporosis treatment:
* Used for \> 3 years cumulatively at Screening Visit.
* At any dose used within 1 year prior to Screening Visit (if ≤ 3 years of use cumulatively).
2. Intravenous bisphosphonate at any dose within 5 years prior to Screening Visit.
3. PTH or PTH analogues at any dose within 2 years prior to Screening Visit.
4. Systemic HRT (oral or transdermal estrogen), SERMs, tibolone, aromatase inhibitors, or androgens at any dose within 1 year prior to Screening Visit.
Note: Exceptionally, non-systemic vaginal estrogen treatment is permitted.
5. Calcitonin, or its derivatives, and calcimimetics (such as cinacalcet or etelcalcetide) at any dose within 12 months prior to Screening Visit.
6. Calcitriol, alfacalcidol, or eldecalcitol within 3 months of the Screening Visit.
7. Fluoride or strontium at any dose at any time prior to Screening Visit.
8. Romosozumab or cathepsin K inhibitors received at any time prior to Screening Visit.
9. Systemic glucocorticoids (≥ 5 mg prednisone or equivalent per day for more than 10 days or cumulative ≥ 50 mg) within 3 months prior to Screening Visit.
10. Other bone active drugs including anticonvulsants (except benzodiazepines, gabapentin, and pregabalin), heparin (including low molecular weight heparins), vitamin K (supplementation or therapeutic dose), vitamin K antagonists (e.g., warfarin, acenocumarol), emtricitabine, tenofovir, adefovir, systemic ketoconazole, adrenocorticotropic hormone, lithium, protease inhibitors, gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist, aluminum, barbiturate, methotrexate, chemotherapeutic agents, cyclosporine, tacrolimus, or anabolic steroids at any dose within 3 months prior to Screening Visit. Prior/Concurrent Clinical Study Experience
19. Participant is receiving or has received another investigational product within 1 month or 5 half-lives of the other investigational product, whichever is longer, before study intervention administration in this study. Diagnostic Assessments
20. Participant has DXA measurements where:
1. Height, weight, or girth measurements may preclude accurate DXA measurements in the Investigator's opinion.
2. BMD absolute value is consistent with a T-score \< -4.0 at the total hip or femoral neck.
21. Participant has severe renal impairment (defined as participant in dialysis or with an eGFR \< 30 mL/min per MDRD formula).
22. Participant has inadequate hepatic function (ALT and/or AST ≥ 2 × ULN).
23. Participant presents with clinically significant leukopenia, neutropenia, or anemia as judged by the Investigator.
Other Exclusion Criteria
24. Participant has a known intolerance to calcium or vitamin D supplements.
25. Participant has a history of prescription drug abuse or any illicit drug use within 6 months prior to Screening Visit.
26. Participant has a history of alcohol abuse (defined as consuming more than 3 drinks on any day or more than 7 drinks per week) according to medical history within 6 months prior to Screening Visit.
27. Participant is a smoker or has used nicotine and nicotine-containing products within 12 months of Screening Visit.
28. Participant has a known sensitivity to mammalian cell-derived drug products.
29. Participant is immunosuppressed for any reason.
30. Participant has any other conditions including clinically significant medical conditions/disorders/diseases, psychiatric status, or laboratory abnormalities that in the opinion of the Investigator might interfere with the participant's ability to participate in the study, would pose a risk to the participant's safety, or interfere with the study evaluation, procedure, or completion.
