Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: 1. Have experience of at least 1 of the following symptoms of shoulder instability during upper extremity movement: (a) pain, clicking, a sense of the shoulder coming apart, (b) dead-arm syndrome, or (c) subluxation of the joint. 2. Self-reported decreased performance or feeling fear to perform shoulder movements during sports or daily activities 3. Positive findings on ≥ 1 of the following 5 tests: load and shift test, apprehension, relocation, \& surprise tests, Gagey hyperabduction test, sulcus sign, Feagin test 4. Recreational overhead athletes who keep practicing ≥ 4 hours/week in the recent 1 month and with ≥ 1 year overhead sports experience Exclusion Criteria: 1. Full contact sport athletes 2. Severe shoulder instability with \> 5 shoulder dislocations history 3. Obvious shoulder bony/labrum lesion in the dominant side warranted for surgery first as decided by the orthopedic surgeon 4. Previous surgery or fracture in the shoulder area on the dominant side within 1 year 5. Voluntary instability (the ability to deliberately dislocate one's shoulder) 6. During acute phase after shoulder dislocation event 7. Not suitable to start plyometric training yet: Shoulder muscle weakness (manual muscle test \<3) or range of motion limitation (\<90 abduction, \<70 external rotation) in the dominant side 8. Pregnancy 9. Cancer, neck pain, brain \& neurological impairment 10. Ehlers-Danlos syndrome or Marfan syndrome 11. Unable to attend 6 weeks supervised training