Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: * Age ≥ 18 years * ASA Physical Status I-III Exclusion Criteria: * Inability to obtain written informed consent * Allergy to medications used in the protocol * Known or suspected neuromuscular disorders * Significant renal disease with a serum creatinine ≥ 2 mg/dL * Significant liver disease * A family history of malignant hyperthermia * History of genitourinary surgery, cancer, or radiation within the last year * Currently prescribed urological medications or diuretics * BPH or symptoms of BPH (interrupted or weak urine stream or wake up to urinate more than two times per night) * History or diagnosis of urinary incontinence or urinary retention * History of PONV with use of scopolamine * Use of Foley catheter pre- or intra- operatively * Perioperative medications that influence micturition (e.g., diuretics or intraoperative anticholinergic medication use other than NMB reversal)